手法を比較

	安全多方计算	差分プライバシー
分野	プライバシー	プライバシー
系統	Machine learning	Machine learning
提唱年	1982	2006
提唱者	Andrew Yao	Cynthia Dwork
種類	Cryptographic protocol family	Privacy-preserving randomized mechanism
原典	Yao, A. C. (1982). Protocols for secure computations. 23rd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 160–164.	Dwork, C. (2006). Differential privacy. International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP), 1–12.
別名	MPC, Multi-Party Computation, Privacy-Preserving Computation, Güvenli Çok Taraflı Hesaplama	DP, epsilon-differential privacy, randomized privacy, Diferansiyel Gizlilik
関連	3	3
概要	Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) is a cryptographic paradigm that enables two or more parties to jointly compute a function over their private inputs without revealing those inputs to one another. Introduced by Andrew Yao in 1982 through his seminal garbled-circuit construction, SMPC provides provable privacy guarantees grounded in computational hardness assumptions. It underpins modern privacy-preserving data analysis, enabling collaborative computation on sensitive datasets in finance, healthcare, and machine learning.	Differential privacy is a mathematical framework for releasing statistical information about a dataset while providing rigorous guarantees that individual records cannot be identified or inferred. Introduced by Cynthia Dwork in 2006, it formalizes privacy as a probabilistic bound: any single individual's presence or absence in the dataset changes the output distribution by at most a multiplicative factor of e^ε, where ε is the privacy budget controlling the privacy–utility tradeoff.