手法を比較

	スクリーニング検査評価	コホート研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
提唱者	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
種類	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design	Observational longitudinal study design
原典	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
別名	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
関連	6	6
概要	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.