手法を比較

	Routine Activity Theory	Crime Concentration Index
分野	Criminology	Criminology
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1979	1989
提唱者	Lawrence E. Cohen & Marcus Felson	Lawrence Sherman, Patrick Gartin & Michael Buerger; David Weisburd
種類	Theoretical framework for explaining the occurrence of predatory crime	Descriptive concentration measure for crime across micro-places
原典	Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588–608.	Sherman, L. W., Gartin, P. R., & Buerger, M. E. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27(1), 27–56.
別名	RAT, Routine Activities Approach, Crime Triangle Framework, Cohen-Felson Theory	Crime Concentration at Place, Hot-Spot Concentration Measure, Cumulative Crime Concentration, Law of Crime Concentration
関連	4	4
概要	Routine activity theory explains predatory crime not by the supply of motivated offenders but by the everyday structure of legal activities that brings offenders, targets, and the absence of guardians together in space and time. Proposed by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson in 1979, it argues that crime rates can rise even when offender motivation is constant, because changes in how people work, shop, and spend leisure time alter the opportunities for crime.	The crime concentration index quantifies how unevenly crime is distributed across micro-geographic places such as street segments or addresses. Building on Sherman, Gartin, and Buerger's 1989 discovery that a small fraction of addresses produces most calls for police service, and formalized in Weisburd's 2015 'law of crime concentration', it expresses the share of all crime accounted for by the most crime-prone places.