手法を比較

	後向きネスト化症例対照研究	症例対照研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1973 (formal description); widely adopted in epidemiology from 1980s onward	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s
提唱者	Nested case-control formalized by Mantel (1973); retrospective application via historical cohort records	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s
種類	Observational analytic study design	Observational analytic study design
原典	Mantel, N. (1973). Synthetic retrospective studies and related topics. Biometrics, 29(3), 479–486.	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860
別名	retrospective NCC, nested case-control within retrospective cohort, case-control nested in historical cohort, nested CCR	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis
関連	5	6
概要	A retrospective nested case-control study is an efficient observational design in which cases and matched controls are sampled from within an already-assembled retrospective cohort. Exposure data are retrieved from historical records only for selected participants, dramatically reducing data-collection costs while retaining most of the analytic power of the full cohort. It is widely used in pharmacoepidemiology, occupational health, and disease-registry research.	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.