手法を比較

	遡及的診断精査研究	後ろ向きコホート研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Formalized 2000s; STARD 2003, revised 2015	Mid-20th century (widely formalized 1950s–1970s)
提唱者	Formalized through the STARD initiative led by Patrick Bossuyt and colleagues	Systematic use attributed to early 20th-century occupational epidemiology; formalized in modern epidemiological theory by Brian MacMahon and others
種類	Observational, retrospective study design	Observational analytic study
原典	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., et al. (2015). STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
別名	retrospective DAS, retrospective test accuracy study, retrospective index test evaluation, historical diagnostic accuracy study	historical cohort study, non-concurrent cohort study, retrospective follow-up study, historical prospective study
関連	5	6
概要	A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a diagnostic test (the index test) correctly identifies a target condition by applying it to previously collected data or archived specimens alongside a reference standard. Because both index test results and reference standard results are drawn from existing records or stored material rather than generated prospectively, this design is faster and less costly than a prospective counterpart — but carries specific methodological risks that must be controlled to produce valid estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and related measures.	A retrospective cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point and reconstructs their exposure history and subsequent outcomes entirely from pre-existing records. Because the data have already been collected before the study begins, the design is far faster and cheaper than a prospective cohort; however, the researcher must work with whatever information was recorded at the time rather than collecting purpose-built measurements.