手法を比較

	後向き症例対照研究	症例対照研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1950s–1960s (formal methodology)	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s
提唱者	Jerome Cornfield; formalized by Brian MacMahon and others in mid-20th-century epidemiology	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s
種類	Observational analytical study	Observational analytic study design
原典	Schlesselman, J. J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195029338	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860
別名	case-control study, retrospective case-referent study, case-referent design, trohoc study	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis
関連	5	6
概要	A retrospective case-control study identifies individuals who already have an outcome of interest (cases) and a comparable group without it (controls), then looks backward in time using existing records to determine prior exposure to a suspected risk factor. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio. This design is especially efficient for studying rare diseases or outcomes with long latency periods, since the outcome has already occurred before the study begins.	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.