手法を比較

	リレーショナル調査	調査研究
分野	研究デザイン	研究デザイン
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Mid-20th century onward (systematised ~1960s–1990s)	Late 19th century; methodologically systematised 1940s–1960s
提唱者	Established in educational and social science research methodology; systematised by Fraenkel & Wallen and others	Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; systematised by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues at Columbia in the 1940s
種類	Quantitative non-experimental survey design	Quantitative (and mixed) non-experimental design
原典	Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0073525748	Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000
別名	correlational survey, associational survey, relationship survey design, relational descriptive survey	survey methodology, questionnaire research, survey design, survey study
関連	4	4
概要	Relational survey research is a quantitative, non-experimental design that gathers structured self-report data from a sample and examines the statistical associations among two or more variables. Unlike purely descriptive surveys, which only characterise distributions, relational surveys ask whether and how strongly variables co-vary — providing evidence of relationships without manipulating conditions or establishing causation.	Survey research is a quantitative (and sometimes mixed-methods) design in which a researcher collects standardised self-report data from a sample drawn from a defined population, using a questionnaire or structured interview. It is the dominant non-experimental strategy for describing population characteristics, estimating prevalence, mapping attitude distributions, and testing bivariate or multivariate associations across social, behavioural, and health sciences.