手法を比較

	Regulatory Impact Analysis	Cost-Utility Analysis
分野	Public Policy	Public Policy
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1995	2015
提唱者	Government regulatory-reform practice; standardised by the OECD	Health-economics community; standardised by Drummond and colleagues
種類	Systematic ex-ante appraisal of proposed regulation	Economic evaluation expressing outcomes in utility-weighted health
原典	OECD (2020). Regulatory Impact Assessment, OECD Best Practice Principles for Regulatory Policy. Paris: OECD Publishing.	Drummond, M. F., Sculpher, M. J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G. L., & Torrance, G. W. (2015). Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780199665877
別名	RIA, Regulatory Impact Assessment, Impact Assessment of Regulation	CUA, Cost per QALY Analysis, QALY-Based Economic Evaluation
関連	4	3
概要	Regulatory impact analysis (RIA) is a systematic process for appraising the likely costs, benefits and effects of proposed regulation before it is adopted. Promoted by the OECD as a cornerstone of good regulatory governance, it requires governments to define the problem a regulation is meant to solve, set out alternative options including non-regulatory ones, assess the impacts of each against a do-nothing baseline, consult affected parties, and recommend the option that delivers the greatest net benefit. RIA aims to ensure that new rules are evidence-based, proportionate and justified rather than imposed without examination of their consequences.	Cost-utility analysis (CUA) is a form of economic evaluation that compares the costs of alternative interventions with their outcomes expressed in a common, preference-based measure of health — most often the quality-adjusted life year (QALY), or in global health the disability-adjusted life year (DALY). By combining length and quality of life into a single index, CUA allows interventions with very different effects to be compared on a like-for-like basis, and it produces an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio expressed as cost per QALY gained. It is the dominant method for informing decisions about which health technologies and programs to fund.