手法を比較

	Regulatory Impact Analysis	Benefit-Cost Analysis for Policy
分野	Public Policy	Public Policy
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1995	2018
提唱者	Government regulatory-reform practice; standardised by the OECD	Welfare-economics tradition; Boardman, Greenberg, Vining & Weimer (synthesis)
種類	Systematic ex-ante appraisal of proposed regulation	Monetised economic appraisal of policy options
原典	OECD (2020). Regulatory Impact Assessment, OECD Best Practice Principles for Regulatory Policy. Paris: OECD Publishing.	Boardman, A. E., Greenberg, D. H., Vining, A. R., & Weimer, D. L. (2018). Cost-Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice (5th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9781108415996
別名	RIA, Regulatory Impact Assessment, Impact Assessment of Regulation	Cost-Benefit Analysis in Policy, Policy Benefit-Cost Analysis, Social Benefit-Cost Analysis, BCA
関連	4	3
概要	Regulatory impact analysis (RIA) is a systematic process for appraising the likely costs, benefits and effects of proposed regulation before it is adopted. Promoted by the OECD as a cornerstone of good regulatory governance, it requires governments to define the problem a regulation is meant to solve, set out alternative options including non-regulatory ones, assess the impacts of each against a do-nothing baseline, consult affected parties, and recommend the option that delivers the greatest net benefit. RIA aims to ensure that new rules are evidence-based, proportionate and justified rather than imposed without examination of their consequences.	Benefit-cost analysis (BCA), also called cost-benefit analysis, is a systematic appraisal that values all the material consequences of a policy in money, discounts them to present value, and recommends the option with the greatest net social benefit. Grounded in welfare economics and the compensation principle, it asks whether the gains to those who benefit exceed the losses to those who bear the costs across society as a whole. Set out comprehensively in Boardman, Greenberg, Vining and Weimer's standard textbook and operationalised by government guidance such as the UK Treasury's Green Book, BCA is the principal efficiency test applied to public investments and regulations.