手法を比較

	Refugee Camp Census	Forced Migration Needs Assessment
分野	Migration Studies	Migration Studies
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2003	2015
提唱者	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)	Inter-Agency Standing Committee (MIRA framework)
種類	Registration-and-enumeration pipeline for displaced populations	Rapid multi-sector field assessment protocol for displacement crises
原典	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2003). Handbook for Registration: Procedures and Standards for Registration, Population Data Management and Documentation. Geneva: UNHCR.	Inter-Agency Standing Committee (2015). Multi-Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) Guidance. Geneva: IASC.
別名	Refugee Registration and Enumeration, Displacement Camp Census, Biometric Refugee Registration, UNHCR Population Data Management	Displacement Needs Assessment, Multi-Sector Rapid Needs Assessment, MIRA-Style Assessment, Humanitarian Needs Assessment
関連	3	3
概要	A refugee camp census is the systematic registration and enumeration of displaced people in camps and other displacement settings, producing the verified population figures on which protection and assistance depend. UNHCR's 2003 Handbook for Registration codified the standards for this work, setting out how to list households, register individuals, manage population data, and issue documentation in emergencies and protracted situations alike. The exercise is far more than a headcount: it records who each person is, where they came from, their family relationships, and protection-relevant vulnerabilities, while increasingly using biometrics to prevent duplicate or fraudulent registration. The handbook frames registration in stages, distinguishing initial level-1 group or estimate data from detailed level-2 individual case records, so that a usable population figure can be produced quickly and then refined. Accurate figures determine food rations, shelter, water, and services, and underpin durable-solution planning, so errors translate directly into people going unserved or resources being misallocated. The method is thus a specialized census discipline adapted to chaotic, high-stakes, and rights-sensitive conditions.	A forced-migration needs assessment is the structured, rapid process humanitarian actors use to understand what a displaced population urgently needs in the chaotic first days and weeks of a refugee or displacement crisis. Its reference standard is the Inter-Agency Standing Committee's Multi-Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) framework, codified in 2015, which coordinates many agencies behind a single, comparable picture of needs rather than a scatter of overlapping, sector-specific surveys. The method is deliberately a pipeline: it begins with a secondary-data review that mines everything already known — pre-crisis baselines and early situation reports — to define what is still unknown; it then collects rapid primary data across sectors such as food, water, shelter, health, and protection through key-informant interviews, direct site observation, and reports from the affected people themselves; it converts these into standardized severity scores; and it ranks needs to prioritize the response. Because conditions are fluid and access is constrained, the assessment trades statistical precision for speed, coordination, and decision-relevance, producing a shared analytical basis for an inter-agency humanitarian appeal and response plan.