手法を比較

	Ranked Set Sampling	二重標本抽出法	層化抽出法	系統抽出法
分野	標本抽出	標本抽出	調査方法論	調査方法論
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1952	1938	1977	Mid-20th century (Cochran 1953; Kish 1965)
提唱者	Glenn A. McIntyre	Jerzy Neyman	William G. Cochran	William G. Cochran; formalized in survey sampling theory
種類	Sampling design methodology	Multi-phase sampling design	Probability-based survey sampling design	Probability sampling design
原典	McIntyre, G. A. (1952). A method for unbiased selective sampling using ranked sets. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(4), 385–390.	Neyman, J. (1938). Contribution to the theory of sampling human populations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 33(201), 101–116.	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-16240-7	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
別名	RSS	Two-Phase Sampling	Proportional Stratified Sampling, Optimal Allocation Sampling, Stratum-Based Sampling, Tabakalı Örnekleme	interval sampling, systematic random sampling, equal-interval sampling, fixed-interval sampling
関連	4	4	2	5
概要	Ranked Set Sampling (RSS) is a data collection method introduced by G. A. McIntyre in 1952 that improves estimation efficiency when visual ranking of units is easier or cheaper than actual measurement. By deliberately selecting and measuring units that are ranked as most likely to yield desired outcomes, RSS reduces variance compared to simple random sampling while maintaining unbiasedness.	Double Sampling (also called two-phase or multistage sampling) is a survey design in which a large preliminary sample is collected using inexpensive methods or partial information, then a smaller subsample is drawn from it and measured in detail. Pioneered by Jerzy Neyman in 1938, it is particularly useful when a cheap surrogate measurement is available but true measurement is expensive.	Stratified sampling is a probability sampling design in which the target population is partitioned into non-overlapping, exhaustive subgroups called strata, and independent probability samples are drawn within each stratum. Formalized by William G. Cochran in Sampling Techniques (1977), the method exploits known population structure to reduce variance and guarantee representativeness of all major subgroups, making it a cornerstone of large-scale survey research and official statistics.	Systematic sampling is a probability sampling technique in which every k-th element is selected from an ordered list of the population after a random starting point. With population size N and desired sample size n, the sampling interval k = N/n is computed and one unit is chosen at random from the first interval; all subsequent units are selected by adding k repeatedly. The method is operationally simple, yields a spread-out sample, and often achieves lower variance than simple random sampling when the list has no harmful periodicity.