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	放射性廃棄物分類	臨界安全性解析
分野	原子核物理学	原子核物理学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1960	1938
提唱者	International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)	Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann
種類	regulatory classification framework	safety assessment methodology
原典	International Atomic Energy Agency (2009). Classification of Radioactive Waste. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSG-1.	American National Standards Institute (2019). Nuclear Criticality Safety in Operations with Fissionable Material Outside Reactors. ANSI/ANS-8.1-19.40.
別名	waste categorization, hazard stratification, material disposition	nuclear safety assessment, chain reaction analysis, fissile material control
関連	5	5
概要	Radioactive waste classification is a systematic framework for categorizing radioactive materials based on activity, heat generation, and long-term hazard potential, developed by the IAEA. It stratifies waste into classes (exempt, very low-level, low-level, intermediate-level, high-level) to determine appropriate management pathways—from near-surface disposal to deep geological repositories—ensuring environmental protection and regulatory compliance.	Criticality safety analysis is a systematic evaluation of fissile material systems to ensure nuclear chain reactions remain controlled, originating from Hahn and Strassmann's 1938 discovery of nuclear fission. It determines safe limits on fissile mass, concentration, geometry, and spacing using neutron transport calculations and experimental validation to prevent uncontrolled nuclear excursions in storage, processing, and transportation.