手法を比較

	定量的優位性を重視した実用主義的混合研究法デザイン	多層混合研究法デザイン
分野	研究デザイン	研究デザイン
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1998–2010	Late 1990s–2000s
提唱者	Tashakkori & Teddlie (mixed methods paradigm discourse); pragmatic strand systematized by Morgan and Creswell	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
種類	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
原典	Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (Eds.). (2010). SAGE Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1412972666	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
別名	QUAN-dominant pragmatic MMR, pragmatic quantitative-priority mixed design, quan-priority pragmatic design	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
関連	6	5
概要	A mixed methods design in which quantitative data and analysis carry the primary explanatory weight while a smaller qualitative component provides contextual depth. Grounded in philosophical pragmatism, design decisions — including timing, sequencing, and the scope of each strand — are driven by what best answers the research question rather than by adherence to a single paradigmatic tradition.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.