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| Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY)× | 障害調整生存年 (DALY)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野 | 医療経済学 | 医療経済学 |
| 系統 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 提唱年≠ | 1985 | 1990 |
| 提唱者≠ | Alan Williams (Health Economics Research Centre, Oxford University) | Christopher J. L. Murray and Alan D. Lopez (World Health Organization / World Bank) |
| 種類 | Method | Method |
| 原典≠ | Kind, P. (1989). The EuroQol instrument: an index of health-related quality of life. In B. Teeling Smith (Ed.), Measuring health: a practical approach. Chichester: Wiley. link ↗ | Murray, C. J., Lopez, A. D., & Jamison, D. T. (1994). The Global Burden of Disease in 1990: Summary Results, Sensitivity Analysis, and Future Directions. In C. J. Murray & A. D. Lopez (Eds.), Global Burden of Disease and Injury. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. link ↗ |
| 別名≠ | QALY, health utility measure | DALY, global disease burden metric, burden of disease |
| 関連 | 5 | 5 |
| 概要≠ | A QALY measures health benefit as utility weight (0 = death, 1 = perfect health) multiplied by time lived. Developed by Alan Williams in 1985, QALYs enable comparison of disparate health interventions on a common metric. Used globally by health technology assessment bodies—NICE (UK), HAS (France), CADTH (Canada), WHO—to decide which treatments deserve public funding. | A DALY quantifies disease burden as the sum of years of life lost to premature death and years lived with disability. Developed by the World Health Organization and World Bank in 1990 as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, DALYs enable epidemiologists and public health planners to compare disease burden across populations, identify health priorities, and evaluate intervention impact. One DALY = one lost year of 'healthy' life; DALYs averted measure progress toward health goals. |
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