手法を比較

	プロトコルに基づくメタアナリシス	システマティック・レビュー
分野	科学計量学	科学計量学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990s–2015 (Cochrane established 1993; PROSPERO launched 2011; PRISMA-P 2015)	1993 (Cochrane Collaboration); 2004 (Kitchenham SLR guidelines)
提唱者	Cochrane Collaboration; formalized through PROSPERO and PRISMA-P initiatives	Archie Cochrane (conceptual foundation); formalized by the Cochrane Collaboration (1993) and Barbara Kitchenham in software engineering (2004)
種類	Evidence synthesis with pre-registered protocol	Evidence synthesis methodology
原典	Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V. A. (Eds.). (2023). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 6.4). Cochrane.	Kitchenham, B. (2004). Procedures for Performing Systematic Reviews. Keele University Technical Report TR/SE-0401.
別名	pre-registered meta-analysis, prospective meta-analysis, registered meta-analysis, protocol-driven meta-analysis	SLR, systematic review, evidence synthesis review, structured literature review
関連	4	5
概要	A protocol-based meta-analysis is a meta-analysis conducted according to a detailed, pre-registered protocol that specifies all key methodological decisions — research questions, eligibility criteria, search strategy, outcome measures, and statistical methods — before data collection begins. Pre-registration, typically through PROSPERO or a comparable registry, distinguishes this approach from post-hoc or exploratory meta-analyses and substantially reduces the risk of selective reporting and outcome switching.	A systematic literature review (SLR) is a structured, reproducible method for identifying, appraising, and synthesizing all relevant studies on a research question. Unlike a narrative review, it follows an explicit, pre-specified protocol — from database search strings through inclusion criteria to data extraction — so that the process is transparent, auditable, and replicable by other researchers. It is widely used in medicine, education, software engineering, and the social sciences to produce the most comprehensive possible evidence base on a topic.