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| 前向き無作為化臨床試験× | コホート研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野 | 疫学 | 疫学 |
| 系統 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 提唱年≠ | 1948 (landmark MRC streptomycin trial) | Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s) |
| 提唱者≠ | Austin Bradford Hill / Medical Research Council | Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854) |
| 種類≠ | Experimental / interventional study design | Observational longitudinal study design |
| 原典≠ | Medical Research Council (1948). Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a Medical Research Council investigation. British Medical Journal, 2(4582), 769–782. link ↗ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| 別名 | Prospective RCT, randomized controlled trial, RCT, controlled clinical trial | longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study |
| 関連≠ | 5 | 6 |
| 概要≠ | A prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study in which participants are assigned to intervention or control groups by chance before any outcomes are observed, then followed forward in time. Random allocation eliminates systematic selection bias, making this design the gold standard for establishing causal efficacy of treatments in medicine and clinical research. | A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. |
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