手法を比較

	Prospective Cox Proportional Hazards	前向きコホート研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1972 (Cox model); widespread prospective application from late 1970s	1950s (systematic application); conceptual roots earlier
提唱者	David R. Cox (model); applied prospectively in large cohort studies from 1970s onward	Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill (landmark application, 1951-1954); cohort methodology formalised by modern epidemiology textbooks
種類	Semi-parametric survival regression applied to prospectively collected time-to-event data	Observational longitudinal study design
原典	Cox, D. R. (1972). Regression models and life-tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 34(2), 187–202.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
別名	prospective Cox regression, Cox PH prospective study, prospective survival regression, prospective hazard modeling	longitudinal cohort study, prospective follow-up study, incidence study, prospective observational cohort
関連	4	6
概要	Prospective Cox proportional hazards regression combines a forward-looking cohort design — in which participants are enrolled before outcomes occur and followed over time — with Cox's semi-parametric survival model. The method estimates how baseline covariates measured at enrollment influence the rate at which participants experience a time-to-event outcome, while preserving the temporal direction required for causal inference. It is one of the most widely used analytical frameworks in clinical epidemiology and chronic disease research.	A prospective cohort study assembles a group of participants who are free of the outcome of interest at baseline, measures their exposures, and then follows them forward in time to record who develops the outcome. By collecting exposure data before outcomes occur, it establishes a clear temporal sequence that supports causal inference — a major advantage over retrospective designs. It is the cornerstone observational method in epidemiology and clinical research.