手法を比較

	前向き症例クロスオーバーデザイン	症例対照研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1991 (base design); prospective variant described in late 1990s–2000s	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s
提唱者	Malcolm Maclure (case-crossover concept); prospective variant established by subsequent methodologists including Navidi and Weinhandl	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s
種類	Observational epidemiological study design	Observational analytic study design
原典	Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153.	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860
別名	prospective case-crossover study, forward-looking case-crossover, prospective self-controlled case-crossover, real-time case-crossover	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis
関連	3	6
概要	The prospective case-crossover design is an observational epidemiological study in which each case serves as their own control. Unlike the retrospective variant, exposures are recorded in real time as participants are followed forward, eliminating recall bias. It is particularly suited to investigating transient environmental or behavioral triggers of acute events such as myocardial infarction, asthma attacks, or road-traffic injuries.	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.