手法を比較

	実用的生存時間解析 ― 実世界におけるイベント発生までの時間解析	前向き生存時間分析
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Conceptual framework: 1967; widespread application: 1990s–2000s	1958–1972 (foundational methods); prospective design emphasis formalized by 1980s
提唱者	Schwartz & Lellouch (explanatory vs. pragmatic distinction, 1967); extended in survival analysis literature from the 1970s onward	Kaplan & Meier (estimator, 1958); Cox (proportional hazards model, 1972); prospective design formalised in modern clinical epidemiology
種類	Observational / experimental hybrid — time-to-event analysis in real-world or pragmatic-trial settings	Longitudinal observational or experimental study design with time-to-event analysis
原典	Ford, I., & Norrie, J. (2016). Pragmatic Trials. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(5), 454–463.	Kleinbaum, D. G., & Klein, M. (2012). Survival Analysis: A Self-Learning Text (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1441966452
別名	real-world survival analysis, pragmatic time-to-event analysis, effectiveness survival analysis, PSA	prospective time-to-event analysis, prospective failure-time analysis, forward-looking survival study, prospective event-time study
関連	5	5
概要	Pragmatic survival analysis applies time-to-event statistical methods within pragmatic or real-world settings, estimating how long patients survive, remain event-free, or retain treatment benefit under conditions of routine clinical practice. Unlike explanatory survival analyses conducted under tightly controlled trial conditions, the pragmatic variant embraces the heterogeneity, treatment switching, non-adherence, and competing events that characterise real-world patient populations, prioritising external validity over internal precision.	Prospective survival analysis is a longitudinal study design in which participants are enrolled before the event of interest occurs, followed forward in time under standardised conditions, and analysed using survival-analytic methods to estimate the time until a defined clinical endpoint — such as death, disease recurrence, or treatment failure. Because data are collected prospectively, exposure and covariate information are recorded before outcomes are known, substantially reducing recall and selection bias relative to retrospective approaches.