手法を比較

	実用的なフィールド実験	フィールド実験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1967 (pragmatic framing); 2009 (PRECIS tool)	1920s–1930s (agriculture); 1990s–2000s (social sciences)
提唱者	Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic framing); formalized for practice through PRECIS framework (Thorpe et al.)	Formalized by R. A. Fisher (1935); systematized in social sciences by Harrison & List (2004)
種類	Experimental design	Experimental design
原典	Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648.	Harrison, G. W., & List, J. A. (2004). Field experiments. Journal of Economic Literature, 42(4), 1009–1055.
別名	pragmatic effectiveness trial, real-world field experiment, effectiveness field trial, practical field study	field trial, natural field experiment, randomized field experiment, field RCT
関連	6	5
概要	A pragmatic field experiment tests whether an intervention works under real-world, routine conditions rather than under the tightly controlled settings of a laboratory or explanatory trial. It combines the pragmatic trial philosophy — prioritising external validity and decision-relevance — with field experimentation, so findings directly inform policy and practice. The design is positioned toward the pragmatic end of the PRECIS continuum and is widely used in public health, education, agriculture, and behavioral economics.	A field experiment applies the logic of a randomized controlled trial in a naturally occurring, real-world environment rather than an artificial laboratory. Participants are randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions while going about everyday activities, allowing researchers to estimate causal effects with high internal validity while preserving a level of ecological realism that laboratory settings cannot offer. The design is especially prominent in economics, public health, political science, and development research.