手法を比較

	実践的用量反応分析	コホート研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990s–2000s (formalized in pragmatic trial context)	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
提唱者	Rooted in pharmacoepidemiology and pragmatic trial methodology; PRECIS framework by Thorpe et al. (2009)	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
種類	Observational or experimental quantitative method	Observational longitudinal study design
原典	Greenland, S., & Longnecker, M. P. (1992). Methods for trend estimation from summarized dose-response data, with applications to meta-analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 135(11), 1301–1309.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
別名	real-world dose-response analysis, pragmatic exposure-response study, dose-response in pragmatic trials, effectiveness dose-response analysis	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
関連	4	6
概要	Pragmatic dose-response analysis quantifies how varying levels of an exposure or treatment relate to clinical outcomes under real-world conditions. By embedding dose-response questions within pragmatic study designs — broad eligibility criteria, routine care settings, and heterogeneous populations — it bridges the gap between controlled pharmacological dose-finding and the messy variability of everyday clinical practice. The approach is especially valued when the goal is to establish or refine optimal dosing guidance from evidence that reflects actual patient populations.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.