手法を比較

	実用的対照群実験計画	要因統制群実験計画
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1967 (seminal distinction); 2009 (PRECIS operationalization)	1926–1935
提唱者	Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic vs explanatory distinction); extended by PRECIS framework (Thorpe et al.)	Ronald A. Fisher
種類	Experimental design (pragmatic variant)	Experimental design
原典	Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648.	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.
別名	pragmatic controlled trial, effectiveness trial with control group, real-world control group design, pragmatic comparative design	factorial controlled experiment, factorial design with control, factorial RCT with control arm, multi-factor controlled experiment
関連	6	6
概要	A pragmatic control group experimental design tests whether an intervention works under routine, real-world conditions by comparing it against a control condition — typically usual care or an active comparator — rather than a tightly controlled placebo. It prioritises external validity and applicability over the internal purity of an explanatory efficacy trial, asking whether an intervention makes a meaningful difference to people as they are actually treated in practice.	A factorial control group experimental design crosses two or more independent variables (factors) in a fully factorial structure while including at least one condition that serves as a no-treatment or standard-treatment control. This allows researchers to simultaneously estimate the main effect of each factor, their interactions, and the size of those effects relative to a meaningful baseline, maximising both causal precision and experimental efficiency.