手法を比較

	政策評価における二重頑健推定量	傾向スコア重み付け（PSW / IPW）
分野	因果推論	因果推論
系統	Regression model	Regression model
提唱年	1994-2005	1983 (propensity score); 2003 (efficient IPW estimator)
提唱者	Robins, Rotnitzky & Zhao (1994); Bang & Robins (2005)	Rosenbaum & Rubin (propensity score); Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (efficient weighting)
種類	Semiparametric causal estimator	Causal inference / reweighting
原典	Bang, H., & Robins, J. M. (2005). Doubly robust estimation in missing data and causal inference models. Biometrics, 61(4), 962-973.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.
別名	DR estimation for policy, augmented IPW for policy evaluation, AIPW policy evaluation, doubly robust policy analysis	PSW, inverse probability weighting, IPW, propensity-based weighting
関連	5	6
概要	Policy Evaluation Doubly Robust Estimation applies the doubly robust (DR) estimator to assess the causal effect of a public policy or programme. It combines a model of treatment assignment (propensity score) with a model of the outcome, and requires only one of the two models to be correctly specified to produce a consistent estimate of the average treatment effect, making it a resilient tool for programme evaluation.	Propensity score weighting is a causal-inference method that reweights observations so that the covariate distributions of treated and untreated units look exchangeable, enabling unbiased estimation of average treatment effects from observational data. Each unit receives a weight that is the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received — a strategy formalised by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983) and given its efficient semiparametric form by Hirano, Imbens and Ridder (2003).