手法を比較

	多腕パイロット実験	ランダム化比較試験 (RCT)
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1990s–2000s	1948
提唱者	Evolved from clinical trial methodology; consolidated in the 1990s–2000s	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
種類	Experimental design (pilot/feasibility)	Interventional comparative study
原典	Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., Robson, R., Thabane, M., Giangregorio, L., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: The what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10(1), 1.	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
別名	pilot multi-arm trial, feasibility multi-arm study, pilot parallel-arm experiment, preliminary multi-arm experiment	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
関連	6	7
概要	A pilot multi-arm experiment is a small-scale preliminary trial that tests the feasibility, logistics, and parameter estimates needed to plan a full-scale multi-arm study. It simultaneously evaluates two or more active treatment arms alongside a control, providing early evidence on recruitment rates, retention, protocol adherence, variability, and likely effect sizes before committing to a resource-intensive definitive experiment.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).