手法を比較

	パイロット対照群実験デザイン	ランダム化比較試験 (RCT)
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
提唱年	Mid-20th century; widely formalized by 1980s–2000s	1948
提唱者	Established through clinical and behavioral research traditions; formalized by Bradford Hill and colleagues in mid-20th century trial methodology	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
種類	Experimental design (pilot/feasibility variant)	Interventional comparative study
原典	Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., Robson, R., Thabane, M., Giangregorio, L., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10, 1.	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
別名	pilot controlled experiment, pilot RCT feasibility study, small-scale controlled trial, pilot control group study	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
関連	4	7
概要	A pilot control group experimental design is a small-scale, preliminary experiment that includes both a treatment group and a control group, conducted before the main study to test whether the full trial is feasible. It produces early effect-size estimates, identifies protocol problems, and confirms that random (or systematic) assignment to conditions is workable — all while generating a genuine comparison between treated and untreated participants.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).