手法を比較

	Picture-Naming Task	Eye-Tracking in Reading
分野	言語学	言語学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1980	1998
提唱者	Psycholinguists of word production (Joan Snodgrass; Willem Levelt)	Keith Rayner and the eye-movement reading-research tradition
種類	Online measure of lexical access in speech production	Online measure of reading processing from eye movements
原典	Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6(2), 174–215.	Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 372–422.
別名	Picture Naming, Confrontation Naming Task, Object Naming Task	Reading Eye-Tracking, Eye Movements in Reading, Eye-Movement Reading Paradigm
関連	3	3
概要	In the picture-naming task, participants see a pictured object and say its name aloud as quickly and accurately as possible. The time from the picture appearing to the onset of speech — the naming latency — together with the accuracy and type of response, indexes the cognitive route from seeing an object to retrieving and articulating its word. Because that route runs through conceptual preparation, lexical selection, phonological encoding, and articulation, the task is a central tool for studying lexical access in speech production, for probing bilingual word retrieval, and for assessing word-finding ability in aphasia and other clinical conditions.	Eye-tracking in reading records where readers look and for how long while they read text naturally, turning the eyes into a continuous index of comprehension. Reading is not a smooth glide but a sequence of brief fixations punctuated by rapid saccades and occasional regressions back to earlier words. By logging this pattern with millisecond precision, researchers derive measures — first-fixation duration, gaze duration, total reading time, regression-path duration, skipping rate — that reveal, region by region and stage by stage, where and how much the language system struggles. Established by Keith Rayner's research program, it is the gold-standard online measure of natural reading.