手法を比較

	岩石学的分析	岩盤分類
分野	地球科学	地球科学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1858	1974
提唱者	Henry Clifton Sorby	Bieniawski and Barton
種類	compositional characterization pipeline	engineering geology assessment pipeline
原典	Tucker, M. E. (2003). Sedimentary Rocks in the Field: A Color Guide (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.	Bieniawski, Z. T. (1989). Engineering Rock Mass Classifications. John Wiley & Sons.
別名	microscopy analysis, thin section analysis, modal composition determination	RMR system, Q-system classification, rock quality designation
関連	5	4
概要	Petrographic analysis is the microscopic examination of rock thin sections to determine mineral composition, grain size, texture, and diagenetic alteration. Pioneered by Sorby in 1858, this method remains the gold standard for understanding lithology and has evolved to include quantitative image analysis and cathodoluminescence. Petrographic data anchor well-log interpretation, validate seismic velocity models, and constrain paleoenvironmental and diagenetic histories.	Rock mass classification is the systematic assessment of rock quality and mechanical behavior in engineering geology, combining field observations of jointing, weathering, and strength into a numerical index. Pioneered by Bieniawski (RMR system, 1974) and Barton (Q-system, 1974), these methods enable rapid site assessment and guide design of excavations, dams, and slopes. Classification bridges the gap between small laboratory samples and large field-scale behavior.