手法を比較

	Penman-Monteith方程式	土壌水分特性曲線
分野	農学	農学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1948-1965	1956-1980
提唱者	Howard Latimer Penman, John Monteith	Willard Robert Gardner, Rollin H. Brooks, Arthur T. Corey
種類	Mechanistic evapotranspiration model	Empirical soil water retention model
原典	Penman, H. L. (1948). Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 193(1032), 120-145.	Gardner, W. R. (1956). Representation of soil aggregate-size distribution by a logarithmic-normal distribution. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 20(2), 151-153.
別名	PM Equation, FAO-56 PM, Evapotranspiration Model	Water Retention Curve, pF Curve, Characteristic Curve, SWRC
関連	3	3
概要	The Penman-Monteith equation is a mechanistic model for estimating evapotranspiration (ET), the combined loss of water from soil and plant canopies to the atmosphere. First proposed by Penman (1948) for bare soil and water surfaces, then extended by Monteith (1965) to incorporate plant resistance to water vapor diffusion, it has become the international standard for water balance studies, crop water requirement calculation, and hydrological modeling.	The soil moisture curve (or soil water retention curve, SWRC) describes the relationship between soil water content and soil matric potential (water tension). It characterizes how tightly water is bound in pores of different sizes: large pores drain at low tensions (wet soils), while smaller pores retain water at high tensions (dry soils). Quantifying this relationship is essential for water balance modeling, unsaturated flow prediction, and assessing plant-available water.