手法を比較

	参加型複数事例研究	参加型アクションリサーチ（PAR）
分野	質的手法	質的手法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1980s–1990s (convergence of case study methodology and participatory research traditions)	1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s
提唱者	Robert K. Yin (multiple case study logic); Kurt Lewin and subsequent PAR scholars (participatory framework)	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte
種類	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
原典	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer.
別名	participatory multi-case study, collaborative multiple case study, PMCS, participatory comparative case research	PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry
関連	5	6
概要	Participatory multiple case study research integrates the structured logic of multiple case study design — examining two or more bounded cases to build analytic generalisations — with the collaborative ethics of participatory research, where community members or practitioners co-design the inquiry, co-collect data, and co-interpret findings. The approach combines Yin's replication logic across cases with the emancipatory and co-ownership principles that define participatory action research traditions.	Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow.