手法を比較

	参加型言説分析	エスノグラフィー
分野	質的手法	質的手法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990s–2000s (consolidated as a named approach)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
提唱者	Developed at the intersection of participatory action research (Kurt Lewin, 1940s) and discourse analysis (Foucault, Fairclough, van Dijk, 1980s–1990s)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
種類	Qualitative research design and analytic approach	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
原典	Mohanty, S. P. (2004). The epistemic status of cultural identity: On beloved and the postcolonial condition. In P. Moya & M. Hames-Garcia (Eds.), Reclaiming Identity: Realist Theory and the Predicament of Postmodernism. University of California Press.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
別名	PDA, collaborative discourse analysis, participatory critical discourse analysis, community-based discourse analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
関連	6	5
概要	Participatory Discourse Analysis (PDA) integrates the collaborative ethos of participatory action research with the language-focused lens of discourse analysis. Community members or research participants are not merely sources of data — they are co-analysts who help collect, interpret, and act on discourse. PDA is used to uncover how language constructs power relations, identities, and social practices within marginalized or under-researched communities, and to translate those findings into concrete change.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.