手法を比較

	言い換え盗用	類似性と盗用：その区別を理解する
分野	研究倫理	研究倫理
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1980s	2000s
提唱者	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)	Academic integrity frameworks and plagiarism detection software companies
種類	Concept	Concept
原典	Roig, M. (2015). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity.	Hirsch, L. R. (2013). Recognizing plagiarism: A guide for academic professionals. Teaching Professor Blog.
別名	insufficient paraphrase, close paraphrase, lazy paraphrasing	similarity index, turnitin score, similarity percentage
関連	4	4
概要	Paraphrasing plagiarism occurs when an author rewrites another's ideas in different words but does not cite the source. Unlike verbatim plagiarism (copying word-for-word), paraphrasing plagiarism involves changing vocabulary and sentence structure while retaining the original argument, logic, or conceptual content without attribution. It is harder to detect than direct copying but is still a clear violation of academic integrity.	A critical distinction exists between similarity percentages generated by plagiarism detection software (Turnitin, iThenticate) and an actual plagiarism verdict. A similarity index is a red flag requiring review; it is not a plagiarism determination. High similarity can result from legitimate quotations, references, shared technical language, or common knowledge. Conversely, low similarity does not guarantee absence of plagiarism. Human expert judgment is essential—similarity detection software provides data, not judgment.