手法を比較

	パネルデータマッチング推定量	差分の差 (Difference-in-Differences, DiD)
分野	因果推論	計量経済学
系統	Regression model	Regression model
提唱年	1997-2021	1994
提唱者	Heckman, Ichimura & Todd (1997); Imai, Kim & Wang (2021) for panel extension	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)
種類	Quasi-experimental causal estimator	Causal inference / panel regression
原典	Heckman, J. J., Ichimura, H., & Todd, P. E. (1997). Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator: Evidence from evaluating a job training programme. Review of Economic Studies, 64(4), 605-654.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
別名	panel matching, matching-on-panel-data, longitudinal matching estimator, PDME	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)
関連	6	5
概要	The panel data matching estimator identifies causal treatment effects by pairing each treated unit with one or more control units that share similar covariate histories in the pre-treatment periods. By exploiting the longitudinal structure of panel data, it controls for both observed time-varying confounders and stable unit characteristics, estimating the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) without requiring a parallel-trends assumption.	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.