手法を比較

	オーバーツーリズム認識尺度	目的地イメージ尺度
分野	観光経営学	観光経営学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1986	1991
提唱者	Shelby, B.; Andereck, K. L.	Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B.
種類	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire / Semantic differential scale
原典	Shelby, B., & Heberlein, T. A. (1986). Carrying capacity in recreation settings. University of Oregon Press. Also see: Journal of Leisure Research, 21(4), 318-339.	Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11-15.
別名	OPS, Tourism Congestion Scale, Crowding Perception Scale	DIS, Destination Perception Scale
関連	5	5
概要	The Overtourism Perception Scale (OPS) measures residents' and visitors' concerns about excessive tourism, measuring crowding, environmental degradation, cultural erosion, infrastructure strain, and resulting experience quality diminishment. Rooted in carrying capacity theory (Shelby & Heberlein, 1986) and resident impact perception research (Andereck et al., 2005), the OPS operationalizes overtourism as a multifaceted phenomenon affecting both visitor experience satisfaction and community wellbeing. Overtourism is increasingly critical for destination sustainability; the OPS enables monitoring of perception trends and targeting of mitigation strategies (visitor dispersal, infrastructure investment, capacity management) before crises (resident backlash, environmental damage, reputation loss) occur.	The Destination Image Scale (DIS) measures how potential or actual visitors perceive and emotionally evaluate a tourism destination. Developed by Echtner & Ritchie (1991) and extended by Baloglu & Brinberg (1997), it captures both rational beliefs about destination attributes (attractions, climate, value, safety) and affective emotional responses (excitement, pleasantness, arousal). Destination image is a primary driver of visitation intention and repeat patronage, making the DIS essential for destination marketing strategy and competitive positioning.