手法を比較

	Oral History Method	ライフヒストリー・リサーチ
分野	フィールド調査法	質的手法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1948 (systematic practice); broader theorisation 1970s–1990s	Early 20th century (Thomas & Znaniecki 1918–1920); systematised as interview method in the 1990s
提唱者	Columbia University Oral History Research Office (Allan Nevins); later theorised by Alessandro Portelli and Donald Ritchie	William I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki (sociological tradition); Robert Atkinson (interview method)
種類	Qualitative historical-empirical method	Qualitative research method
原典	Ritchie, D. A. (2015). Doing Oral History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199329960	Atkinson, R. (1998). The Life Story Interview. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761904496
別名	oral history research, life history interviewing, oral testimony research, OHM	life history method, life-history interview, biographical research, personal narrative research
関連	6	6
概要	The oral history method is a qualitative research approach in which researchers conduct in-depth, recorded interviews with individuals who have direct personal experience of a historical event, social process, or community life. It captures subjective perspectives, memory, and lived experience that written records rarely preserve, making it indispensable for recovering voices absent from official archives — particularly those of marginalised communities, minority groups, and ordinary people.	Life history research is a qualitative method that captures the full arc of an individual's life — or a significant portion of it — through extended biographical interviewing and analysis of personal documents. Rooted in early Chicago School sociology, the method treats each life story as a window into broader social, cultural, and historical forces. The researcher and participant co-construct a narrative account that illuminates how personal experience is shaped by, and in turn shapes, wider social structures and processes.