手法を比較

	最適性理論	ミニマリスト・プログラム
分野	言語学	言語学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1993	1995
提唱者	Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky	Noam Chomsky
種類	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline
原典	Prince, A., & Smolensky, P. (1993). Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Blackwell Publishers.	Chomsky, N. (1995). The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
別名	OT, Constraint-Based Phonology	Minimalism, MP Grammar
関連	1	1
概要	Optimality Theory (OT) is a constraint-based framework for modeling phonology and syntax, developed by Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky in 1993. The core idea is that languages produce the optimal output that best satisfies a ranked hierarchy of universal constraints. Rather than listing rules, OT explains linguistic phenomena as solutions to conflicting pressures—sounds and structures emerge as the least bad compromise among competing demands. This framework has revolutionized phonological theory and is widely applied to morphophonology, segmental and suprasegmental analysis, and cross-linguistic variation.	The Minimalist Program (MP) is a framework for generative syntax developed by Noam Chomsky in 1995, designed to explain linguistic structure while assuming the fewest possible theoretical mechanisms. The program seeks principles that are simple, elegant, and motivated by language evolution. It addresses core questions: What principles explain language structure? Why do languages vary? Why do humans have language? The MP has become the dominant paradigm in theoretical syntax, though it remains controversial and subject to ongoing refinement.