手法を比較

	オープンアクセス出版モデル	科学におけるプレプリントサーバー
分野	出版倫理	出版倫理
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2002	1991
提唱者	Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002); open science movement	Paul Ginsparg (arXiv, 1991); Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (bioRxiv, 2013); NIH (medRxiv, 2019)
種類	Standard	Platform
原典	Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002, revised 2012). Budapest Open Access Initiative.	Björk, B. C., Welling, P., Laakso, M., Majlender, P., Hedlund, T., & Guðnason, G. (2010). Open Access to the Scientific Journal Literature: Situation 2009. PLOS ONE, 5(6), e11273.
別名	OA Publishing, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access, Diamond OA	Preprints, Preprint Archives, Pre-publication Servers
関連	4	4
概要	Open access (OA) publishing removes subscription paywalls, making research freely available to all readers online without subscription fees. The Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002) defined OA as the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, and link research freely. Multiple OA models exist: Gold OA (immediate free access, often author-funded via APCs), Green OA (free self-archiving in repositories), and Diamond OA (free to both authors and readers). OA expands research impact, enables global participation in science, and aligns with public funding mandates. However, OA models vary in sustainability and are sometimes exploited by predatory publishers.	Preprint servers are open-access repositories where researchers post manuscripts before, during, or alongside peer review at a formal journal. Preprints allow rapid, free dissemination of research findings without waiting for journal review (which can take 3–12 months). Major preprint servers include arXiv (physics, math, computer science; founded 1991), bioRxiv (biology; 2013), medRxiv (medicine; 2019), and others. Preprints are NOT peer-reviewed and should not be treated as final scientific evidence. However, they enable priority-claiming, feedback from the community, and rapid knowledge sharing in fast-moving fields. Many journals now accept manuscripts previously posted as preprints.