手法を比較

	オンライン調査	対面調査
分野	調査方法論	調査方法論
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)	1930s–1940s (systematic survey era)
提唱者	Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)	Established practice formalised in survey methodology (Gallup, Likert, and others from the 1930s–1940s)
種類	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique	Quantitative / mixed-mode data collection
原典	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.	Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000
別名	web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing	personal interview survey, in-person survey, PAPI survey, door-to-door survey
関連	6	5
概要	An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today.	A face-to-face survey is a structured data collection method in which a trained interviewer meets respondents in person and administers a standardised questionnaire. The interviewer reads questions aloud, clarifies wording when permitted by protocol, and records answers — either on paper (PAPI) or a laptop/tablet (CAPI). This mode consistently achieves higher response rates and better data quality for complex or sensitive questionnaires than self-administered alternatives, and is the reference standard in large-scale population surveys.