手法を比較

	ネステッドケースコントロール研究	ケースクロスオーバーデザイン
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1973–1977	1991
提唱者	Nathan Mantel (1973); D. C. Thomas (1977 formalization)	Malcolm Maclure
種類	Hybrid observational study design	Observational epidemiological study design
原典	Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491.	Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: A method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153.
別名	NCC study, nested CC design, case-control within cohort, density sampling case-control	case-crossover study, CCO design, self-matched case study, within-person crossover case study
関連	6	3
概要	A nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. For each participant who develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of matched controls are sampled from those still at risk at the same point in time. This density-sampling strategy yields odds ratios that approximate incidence-rate ratios from the full cohort at a fraction of the data-collection cost — making it the preferred alternative when measuring exposures for all cohort members would be prohibitively expensive or technically demanding.	The case-crossover design is an observational epidemiological method that estimates whether a transient exposure triggers an acute event by comparing each case's exposure during a brief hazard window immediately before the event to their own exposure during earlier control periods. Because each person serves as their own control, all stable personal characteristics are automatically adjusted for, making the design especially powerful for studying intermittent exposures and sudden-onset outcomes such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or injury.