手法を比較

	Multistate Life Table	Gompertz-Makeham Law of Mortality
分野	人口学	人口学
系統	Survival analysis	Regression model
提唱年	1975	1860
提唱者	Andrei Rogers, Robert Schoen and collaborators	Benjamin Gompertz & William Makeham
種類	Nonparametric life table with multiple living states and transitions	Parametric mortality (hazard) law for adult ages
原典	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512	Gompertz, B. (1825). On the nature of the function expressive of the law of human mortality. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 115, 513–583.
別名	Increment-Decrement Life Table, Multiple-State Life Table, Multistate Demography, Çok Durumlu Yaşam Tablosu	Gompertz-Makeham Model, Makeham's Law, Gompertz Law of Mortality, Gompertz-Makeham Ölümlülük Yasası
関連	4	4
概要	The multistate life table, also called the increment-decrement life table, generalizes the ordinary life table to populations that move among several living states — such as healthy and disabled, married and unmarried, or employed and unemployed — as well as the absorbing state of death. Using age-specific transition rates organized in matrices, it tracks the flows of a synthetic cohort among states and yields state-specific expectancies, such as the years a person can expect to spend healthy versus disabled.	The Gompertz-Makeham law is the foundational parametric model of adult human mortality. Benjamin Gompertz showed in 1825 that the force of mortality rises exponentially with age, and William Makeham added an age-independent background term in 1860 to account for deaths from causes unrelated to ageing. The combined law expresses the hazard of death as a constant plus an exponentially increasing component, capturing the dominant shape of adult mortality with just three parameters.