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	Multilevel Approximate Bayesian Computation	階層ベイズ推論
分野	ベイズ	ベイズ
系統	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
提唱年	2000s–2010s	1972 (Lindley & Smith); consolidated 1995–2013
提唱者	Extension of ABC (Beaumont et al., 2002) to multilevel/hierarchical settings; developed across multiple authors in the 2010s	Lindley & Smith; Gelman et al.
種類	Simulation-based Bayesian inference	Bayesian multilevel model
原典	Beaumont, M. A., Zhang, W., & Balding, D. J. (2002). Approximate Bayesian computation in population genetics. Genetics, 162(4), 2025–2035.	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955
別名	multilevel ABC, hierarchical ABC, multi-level ABC, ABC for hierarchical models	multilevel Bayesian modeling, Bayesian hierarchical model, nested Bayesian model, partial pooling model
関連	6	6
概要	Multilevel Approximate Bayesian Computation (multilevel ABC) extends simulation-based Bayesian inference to hierarchically structured data. When the likelihood is intractable and observations are nested within groups, it replaces direct likelihood evaluation with simulations at each level of the hierarchy, accepting parameter draws whose simulated summary statistics are close to the observed ones.	Hierarchical Bayesian inference is a probabilistic modeling framework that organises parameters into levels, placing priors on the group-level parameters and hyperpriors on the parameters governing those priors. It enables partial pooling of information across groups, balancing the extremes of treating each group as independent or merging them into a single estimate.