手法を比較

	多施設共同コホート研究	前向きコホート研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Mid-to-late 20th century (widespread adoption 1970s–1990s)	1950s (systematic application); conceptual roots earlier
提唱者	Developed incrementally through large collaborative epidemiological projects (e.g., Framingham Heart Study consortium expansions, 1948 onward; EPIC study, 1992)	Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill (landmark application, 1951-1954); cohort methodology formalised by modern epidemiology textbooks
種類	Observational longitudinal study	Observational longitudinal study design
原典	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
別名	multisite cohort study, multi-centre cohort, collaborative cohort study, pooled cohort study	longitudinal cohort study, prospective follow-up study, incidence study, prospective observational cohort
関連	6	6
概要	A multicenter cohort study follows defined groups of participants at two or more geographically or institutionally distinct sites over time to estimate incidence, identify risk factors, and quantify associations between exposures and outcomes. By pooling data from multiple centers, it achieves statistical power and population diversity that single-site designs cannot match, making it the workhorse of large-scale epidemiological and clinical research.	A prospective cohort study assembles a group of participants who are free of the outcome of interest at baseline, measures their exposures, and then follows them forward in time to record who develops the outcome. By collecting exposure data before outcomes occur, it establishes a clear temporal sequence that supports causal inference — a major advantage over retrospective designs. It is the cornerstone observational method in epidemiology and clinical research.