手法を比較

	階層型最大差異サンプリング	意図的サンプリング
分野	調査方法論	調査方法論
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990s–2000s	Formalized ~1980–1990
提唱者	Synthesized from Patton's maximum variation sampling (1990) and multi-level survey design traditions	Michael Quinn Patton (systematic articulation); roots in early qualitative inquiry
種類	Purposive qualitative/mixed-methods sampling design	Non-probability sampling strategy
原典	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. [Chapter 5: Maximum variation sampling and purposeful sampling strategies] ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0803937796
別名	hierarchical maximum variation sampling, nested maximum diversity sampling, multi-tier purposive variation sampling, MLMVS	judgmental sampling, selective sampling, criterion-based sampling, purposeful sampling
関連	5	4
概要	Multi-level maximum variation sampling is a purposive strategy that deliberately selects cases at two or more nested organizational levels — such as schools within districts, or patients within clinics — while maximizing heterogeneity on key dimensions at each level. The aim is to capture the full range of variation within a hierarchically structured population so that patterns common across diverse contexts can be identified and context-specific differences can be documented with credibility.	Purposive sampling is a non-probability strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects participants, documents, or cases that are information-rich with respect to the research question. Rather than drawing units at random, the researcher applies explicit criteria aligned with the study's purpose, maximising the depth and relevance of the data collected. It is the default sampling logic in most qualitative research designs and is also used in mixed-methods and applied evaluative work.