手法を比較

	多群項目反応理論（MG-IRT）	確認的因子分析（CFA）
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1990s	1969
提唱者	Multiple contributors; formalized by Birnbaum (1968) for IRT; multi-group extensions developed through 1980s–1990s	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
種類	Latent trait / measurement invariance	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
原典	Embretson, S. E. & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805828191	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
別名	MG-IRT, multiple-group IRT, multi-group latent trait model, IRT across groups	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
関連	6	4
概要	Multi-group item response theory fits IRT models simultaneously across two or more defined groups — such as males and females, or different cultural samples — to determine whether item parameters are invariant across those groups. It is the primary IRT-based framework for testing measurement equivalence and detecting differential item functioning (DIF) at the model level.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.