手法を比較

	多群項目分析	項目応答理論における項目特性曲線（ICC）の差
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1986	1970s–1993
提唱者	Classical test theory tradition; systematised by Crocker & Algina (1986)	William H. Angoff and colleagues (ETS); systematized by Holland & Wainer
種類	Comparative item-level analysis	Item-level bias detection
原典	Crocker, L. & Algina, J. (1986). Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030616341	Holland, P. W. & Wainer, H. (Eds.) (1993). Differential Item Functioning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805809589
別名	MGIA, group-comparative item analysis, subgroup item analysis, cross-group item analysis	DIF, item bias analysis, measurement non-equivalence, item-level measurement bias
関連	6	5
概要	Multi-group item analysis computes classical item statistics — difficulty, discrimination, and corrected item-total correlations — separately for each subgroup in a sample and then compares those statistics across groups. It is a standard diagnostic step in scale development and test fairness evaluation, revealing items that behave differently for men versus women, across age cohorts, or across cultural groups before more formal DIF testing.	Differential item functioning identifies test or survey items that behave differently for examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — after controlling for the underlying ability or trait being measured. DIF analysis is essential for fairness evaluation in educational testing and psychological scale development.