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	モンテカルロ中性子・粒子輸送	線量測定 (Dosimetry Measurement)
分野	原子核物理学	原子核物理学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1949	1896
提唱者	Nicholas Metropolis, Stanislaw Ulam	Wilhelm Röntgen, Henri Becquerel
種類	probabilistic computational method	experimental measurement methodology
原典	Metropolis, N., & Ulam, S. (1949). The Monte Carlo Method. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44(247), 335–341.	Knoll, G. F. (2010). Radiation Detection and Measurement (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
別名	Monte Carlo simulation, stochastic transport, particle history method	dose measurement, radiation monitoring, exposure quantification
関連	5	5
概要	Monte Carlo neutron and particle transport is a stochastic simulation method that tracks individual particle histories through matter, developed by Metropolis and Ulam in 1949 during the Manhattan Project. By sampling random numbers to determine collision locations, energy transfers, and scattering angles, it produces unbiased estimates of reaction rates, flux distributions, and detector responses without discretizing angle or energy variables.	Dosimetry measurement is the experimental quantification of radiation dose and exposure, originating from Röntgen and Becquerel's 1890s discoveries. It employs specialized detectors (ion chambers, TLD, Geiger counters) to measure photon and particle energy deposition in biological tissue or materials, providing direct evidence of exposure for worker protection, patient dose verification, and environmental monitoring.