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	Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory	サーマルウィンド
分野	気象学	気象学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1954	1920s
提唱者	Monin and Obukhov	Jacobbian insights from geostrophic flow
種類	Similarity scaling framework	Wind-temperature relationship
原典	Monin, A. S., & Obukhov, A. M. (1954). Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the ground layer of the atmosphere. Tr. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 24, 163-187.	Holton, J. R. (2004). An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology (4th ed.). Academic Press.
別名	Monin-Obukhov, Similarity theory, Monin-Obukhov length scale	Thermal wind, Vertical wind shear, Barotropic
関連	3	3
概要	Monin-Obukhov similarity theory is a fundamental framework in boundary layer meteorology that describes how wind speed, temperature, and humidity vary with height near the surface. Published in 1954, it shows that normalized vertical profiles depend on a single dimensionless parameter—the Monin-Obukhov stability parameter—which quantifies the balance between mechanical turbulence and buoyant convection.	The thermal wind relationship is a fundamental meteorological principle that links vertical wind shear to horizontal temperature gradients. It states that wind speed increases with height in the direction of warming—a direct consequence of hydrostatic and geostrophic balance combined with the ideal gas law.