手法を比較

	モデルテスト研究	縦断研究
分野	研究デザイン	研究デザイン
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1970s (Joreskog 1969–1973); widely adopted in social sciences by the 1980s–1990s	Late 19th–early 20th century; methodologically codified through the 20th century
提唱者	Karl G. Joreskog (SEM/LISREL framework); formalized through structural equation modeling tradition	No single originator; foundational methodological treatments by Stuart Menard and Judith Singer & John Willett
種類	Confirmatory quantitative research design	Quantitative (or mixed) observational research design
原典	Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1462523344	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922841
別名	model-based research, structural model testing, theory-testing research, MTR	longitudinal study, longitudinal design, prospective longitudinal study, repeated-measures observational study
関連	5	4
概要	Model testing research is a confirmatory quantitative design in which the researcher specifies a theoretical model — depicting hypothesized relationships among constructs — and then tests how well that model fits empirical data. Drawing primarily on structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), it evaluates whether the data-implied covariance structure is consistent with the theoretically derived one, yielding fit indices that indicate model-data correspondence.	Longitudinal research is an observational design in which the same participants, groups, or units are measured repeatedly over an extended period. Rather than capturing a single snapshot, it tracks change, stability, and temporal sequencing of variables — making it the primary non-experimental strategy for studying development, growth, decline, and the unfolding of causal processes across time.