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	混合モデル (Mixture Modeling)	構造方程式モデリング
分野	統計学	研究統計
系統	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1894	1921
提唱者	Karl Pearson	Sewall Wright
種類	Latent variable / density estimation	Method
原典	McLachlan, G. J. & Peel, D. (2000). Finite Mixture Models. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN: 978-0471006268	Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1973). LISREL: A general computer program for estimating a linear structural equation system. Research Bulletin 73-5. University of Stockholm.
別名	finite mixture model, mixture distribution model, FMM, model-based clustering	SEM, path analysis, latent variable modeling, causal modeling
関連	6	3
概要	Mixture modeling assumes that a population is composed of K unobserved subpopulations, each described by its own probability distribution. The observed data are treated as draws from a weighted combination of these component distributions. It provides a principled, model-based alternative to ad hoc clustering and supports formal comparison of solutions with different numbers of components.	Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a comprehensive statistical framework combining path analysis (Sewall Wright, 1921) and confirmatory factor analysis to test complex causal models linking observed and latent variables. Formalized by Jöreskog (1973) with LISREL software, SEM enables simultaneous estimation of measurement relationships (how variables measure latent constructs) and structural relationships (how constructs influence outcomes), making it powerful for theory testing in psychology, epidemiology, organizational research, and health sciences where complex mediation, moderation, and latent processes require integrated analysis.