手法を比較

	マイクロシミュレーション	混合ロジットモデル
分野	シミュレーション	計量経済学
系統	Process / pipeline	Regression model
提唱年	1957	2000
提唱者	Guy Orcutt (concept, 1957); modern tax-transfer frameworks developed through EUROMOD and related projects	Daniel McFadden & Kenneth Train
種類	Policy simulation / computational social science	Random-parameters discrete choice model
原典	O'Donoghue, C. (Ed.) (2014). Handbook of Microsimulation Modelling. Emerald.	Train, K. E. (2009). Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0-521-74738-7
別名	Mikrosimülasyon, micro-simulation, policy microsimulation	Random Parameters Logit, Mixed Multinomial Logit, Error Components Logit, Karma Logit Modeli
関連	5	3
概要	Microsimulation is a computational method that simulates policy effects by operating directly on a population of individual micro-units — households, firms, patients — and applying rules to each unit according to its own demographic, economic, and behavioural characteristics. Developed conceptually by Guy Orcutt in 1957, it has become the standard tool for evaluating tax reform, pension systems, and health policy before implementation.	The Mixed Logit model, introduced formally by McFadden and Train (2000) and elaborated in Train (2009), is a flexible discrete choice framework that allows preference parameters to vary randomly across decision-makers. By integrating standard logit probabilities over a mixing distribution of coefficients, it overcomes the restrictive independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) property and accommodates unobserved taste heterogeneity, panel data correlation, and complex substitution patterns across alternatives.