手法を比較

	距離学習	転移学習
分野	機械学習	機械学習
系統	Machine learning	Machine learning
提唱年	2003 (foundational); refined 2009 (LMNN)	2010 (formalized); 1990s (early roots)
提唱者	Xing, E. P.; Jordan, M. I.; Russell, S.; Ng, A. Y.	Pan, S. J. & Yang, Q. (survey); Bengio, Y. (deep learning framing)
種類	Representation learning / supervised distance optimization	Learning paradigm
原典	Xing, E. P., Jordan, M. I., Russell, S., & Ng, A. Y. (2003). Distance metric learning with application to clustering with side-information. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 16, 505–512.	Pan, S. J., & Yang, Q. (2010). A Survey on Transfer Learning. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 22(10), 1345–1359.
別名	Distance Metric Learning, Similarity Learning, DML, Representation Learning via Distance	TL, domain adaptation, fine-tuning, pre-trained model adaptation
関連	5	3
概要	Metric learning is a machine-learning framework that trains a distance or similarity function from data so that semantically similar examples end up close together in the learned space while dissimilar examples are pushed apart. Unlike fixed distances such as Euclidean, the learned metric adapts to the structure of the task, making downstream classifiers, clusterers, and retrieval systems significantly more accurate.	Transfer learning is a machine learning paradigm in which knowledge gained from training a model on a source task or domain is reused to improve learning on a different but related target task or domain. It is especially powerful when labeled data for the target task is scarce, and it underlies most modern deep learning applications in computer vision, natural language processing, and beyond.